{"id":208653,"date":"2026-04-06T10:57:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T09:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lecollimateur.ma\/?p=208653"},"modified":"2026-04-06T11:00:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T10:00:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b2%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lecollimateur.ma\/ar\/208653","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0629 (1920-1997)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1997 \u06482010\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0626 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f (1922-1992) \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a (1924-2020) \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 16 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062f: \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0645 “\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 “\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637” \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 50.35%\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 1997\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u064057 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 319)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 2002\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629” \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a (1910-1974) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629 (1925-2013) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024. \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2012-2013) \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 2021\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 60 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 395\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d (\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a) \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1998\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

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